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Hunters Infinity

picture of the world, they represent us in the form of (as many believe) of proven certainties science is extremely pessimistic. First, we study humiliated. Even Freud said about the three blows, which met a man with her hand: Copernicus showed us that it does not inhabit any central point in the universe, Darwin we are next to the animal species inhabiting the Earth, and psychoanalysis, we are not even masters of ourselves - for our actions are hidden hidden powers of the subconscious. Building on Darwin's thought, however, to reach even more sad conclusion that our creation was not the goal, but only incidental and completely unintentional result of the ongoing processes in nature. Awareness of this theological bereavement is itself painful. She became even more painful, however, when shown that this rare freak of nature, which we are doomed to inevitable destruction. No species living on Earth did not exist eternally, everyone will sooner or later have to disappear - if lucky, giving at best the beginning of some other. In the consolation final of the twentieth century, which could be hope for the continuation of our genes in other creatures inhabiting the Earth, we have been received, because - as it turned out - sooner or later, our sun will turn into a red giant and burn our planet. Even a hypothetical flight into space will not ensure the immortality of life because - as he teaches the Big Bang theory - the same universe or collapses in the Great collapsing or vanish in the infinite void, making all life impossible. This cosmological pessimism is reinforced by the second law of thermodynamics, which was the logical conclusion seems to be the inevitability of Thermal Death of the Universe. All our efforts are so fruitless in the end, and although we believe that after our death, life will go on still, we can no longer believe that will last forever.
So science tells us essentially abandoning the faith in immortality, even within the meaning of this, as I spoke in my previous entry ?

The great Woody Allen film "Annie Hall," Alvy refuses a little homework, "because the universe, and so tends to destruction." This scene amuses us with his absurd, but what exactly is this absurd? Is not that common sense tells us not to treat seriously until the end of scientific concepts, which, after every few generations and so changed? Setpoint homework, is specific. And if Great Collapse or Death of Thermal, is really much more than fantasies of a handful of thinkers, that sooner or later will be forgotten or remembered as an example of another scientific mistake? I
in this entry in a few sentences to tell you about a bit more optimistic alternatives to the dominant model of the universe today and for the most common version of the theory of evolution.
begin with cosmology and the Big Bang theory, because probably no other than the discipline of science, cosmology there is such a great contrast between triumphalist propaganda, which can be found in popular publications, and increasingly growing among professionals, no longer much doubt that even the conviction that the dominant model is simply false. The Big Bang theory, from its inception has been criticized by the most eminent physicists, astronomers and cosmologists, including the largest of the British astrophysicists - Professor Sir Fred Hoyle, Geoffrey Burbidge by a professor and his wife, Professor Margaret Burbidge, by world-renowned Hindu professor of astrophysics - Jayanta Vishnu Narlikara by one of the largest U.S. physicists and astrophysicists - Professor John Archibald Wheeler, and Nobel Prize winner in physics, a Swede - Hannes Alfvén. It was also criticized, even by Albert Einstein and Edwin Hubble, and so considered by scholars to be the popular opinion of its contributors. Today, to appear more and more recent observational data of its supporters camp is shrinking faster and faster. An analysis of distant space slowly emerges a completely different picture of the universe. It is a universe which at any scale on fractal and asymmetric structure, where each hierarchy is a hierarchy of higher order and where a huge, perhaps even dominant role played by the electromagnetic interaction, rather than gravity. The universe, as we believe that it is infinite in time and space. A year ago on another blog I made a few entries about the weaknesses of the Big Bang theory and several alternative concepts (refer interested ) - I hope some time back there. By the way I recommend to all the online book Ratcliffe'a Hilton, "The Virtue of Heresy" and author's website, which can be a starting point for exploring cosmological puzzles and new ideas. Now I'll just add that the model of an infinite fractal universe not only creates an alternative to the Big Bang, "save us" before the Great Depression or Great Emptiness, but also "protects" the universe from cosmological Thermal Death - asymmetric structure of the higher orders will always allow the persistence of structures of lower orders. When the cosmological hierarchy ladder is infinite, chaos will always be a loser with a higher degree of order.

premier critics of big-bang theory Sir Fred Hoyle, however, was not only the cosmologist and astrophysicist, but also co-founder of the modern version of the concept of panspermia, ie a scientific alternative to the dominant neo-Darwinism in modern biology. This concept - well-popularized by the portal Briga Klyce'a www.panspermia.org response is the third in an ongoing dispute between the years neodarwinistami and creationists. Although the spores of living space in antiquity had already said Anaxagoras (he is the creator of the term panspermia - "all-nasienność"), in the nineteenth century, was proclaimed by many scholars (Jöns Jakob Berzelius, Hermann von Helmholtz, and Lord Kelvin), and at the beginning of the twentieth century it developed Svante Arrhenius Swedish chemist, a modern version of it appeared only in the late 70's, and its creators were primarily Hindu astrobiologist Professor Chandra Wickramasinghe and Fred Hoyle. The group of followers and popularizers should also have another Nobel Prize winner - American biochemist Kary Mullis, a world-renowned British astrophysicist and Bill Napier (who died a few years ago) was an English biochemist and Nobel laureate Francis Crick. Panspermia proponents rightly rejected (as unscientific) views of creationists attacking neo-Darwinism by showing the total improbability of the emergence and evolution of a life the current forms in less than four billion years. Compare the probability of the first cell of inanimate matter in less than two hundred million years old (it is known that so much time has passed since the Earth's surface to cool the first appearance of unicellular organisms), the probability that during a sand storm in the desert with the wind sand grains niesionych was able to Jumbo Jet flight (on-board computers and navigation devices.) Not the place to cite specific calculations, and repeating the other arguments against the official version of the theory of evolution. I will say in a nutshell, what mechanisms were cause that on Earth there is life, which are then in a few billion years have adopted the forms that we observe today. Well, proponents of panspermia recognize that the spores of life (cells, viruses, DNA strands) are ubiquitous in the cosmos. As soon as our planet cool down enough that it has ceased to sterilize everything on it settled down, life on Earth appeared and immediately began to develop. Evolution, however, could not take place so quickly, if there was no mechanism called horizontal gene transfer. Falling to Earth, for they carried viruses (And possibly still carry) finished higher genetic material, a fully developed life forms and "wszczepiały" go to the organisms already present on Earth. This mechanism could take the evolution of "only" 3.5 billion years. Note that the same mechanism of horizontal gene transfer is rejected by mainstream biology. Until recently, but no one believed that living organisms are able to withstand space travel. Today we know that this is possible. It is thought that viruses carried by particles of space rock may persist even many millions of years. Proponents stress the theory of panspermia comets huge role in the emergence and spread of life in space. Comets, most of which comes from the fringes of the solar system (Oort cloud - about 0.6-1.6 light years from the Sun) function space switches. They acquire biological material derived from the distant cosmos and the move toward the Sun, throwing it in the vicinity (in the interiors of rocky debris). Spores of life on the periphery of the solar system hit the micronized particles of dust, which left the other planetary systems. The extent to which the sun gravitationally attracted so small molecules, however, is less than the force with which the solar wind pushes them, because without the help of comets that could not reach the inner regions of our solar system. Comets also play a decisive role in the transmission of spores into the wide space of life appearing on Earth. Shards of comet hitting the planet stand out from the vast amount of material in the form of small debris begins to circulate in space, where it is no longer protected by the Earth's atmosphere. Crumbs are then bombarded by comets miniature breakdown products, resulting in their further fragmentation until the size of a few microns, allowing the solar wind that pushed were incurred to the distant stars. Each such molecule can be a refuge of viruses or other microorganisms. It is estimated that this mechanism makes that every year 10 tons of earth wybitego once the material leaves the solar system.

criticize neo theory of panspermia, as - first - does not resolve the main mystery of "where did the life", after Second, as unnecessary, because if we observe the presence of life on Earth, it is sufficient proof that this "amazing coincidence", which was his creation has nevertheless taken place.
The first of these arguments can be rebutted in two ways - firstly, we can assume eternity of life, in a similar way, as the matter is eternal (nobody asks us to explain how she took the matter). I like this explanation, however, is both. Life beyond Earth was simply more time and more space to be able to born - since the cosmic journey of microorganisms is possible, is to insist that life arose on Earth is just a totemic superstition. Just as in the cosmogonic myths of primitive societies as seen from the village a large stone was the point of intersection Axis Mundi, the birthplace of the god, a mythical place of struggle, a place that gave birth to every existence, just as today's neo insist that the life-giving universe axes intersect at Earth. The pseudoockhamowski
neodarwinistów argument (the absence of sufficient reasons for the adoption of the concept of panspermia) Here is the easiest way to counter with their own weapons. Richard Dawkins in his "Climbing Mount Improbable" proves that in comparison with the theory of evolution, creationist theory is just totally unbelievable. However, juxtaposed with the concept of neo-Darwinism spores of living space turns out to be just another summit improbability. With two explanations of the same phenomenon, one of which involves the occurrence of an incredible amount of wonderful coincidences be wise to choose one that can do without these cases.

panspermia theory and concept having no boundaries in time and space, fractal universe bring back our education received by the nineteenth and twentieth century immortality. Infinite Space gives a sense of freedom, which in a finite universe would never be complete. Theories are so optimistic that meet our basic longing. Allow you to believe again that our life is part of the infinitely great adventure, not a ridiculous mistake.

Cocolo トレント

immortality of the soul

is a light from the sun, although they share walls, mountains and a thousand other things, and one common entity, although it is distributed to thousands of bodies with their respective attributes. And a soul, though divided into a thousand individuals with their respective characteristics. And a spiritual soul, although it apparently seems to be separated.
Marcus

The Diaries of stars "- one of the best and for me the most inspiring books by Stanislaw Lem - the main character - Ijon Tichy - goes to a planet where all of his body shall be thoroughly scanned, so that will be remembered location and movement each atom (scratch that, that physics says that something like this even in theory can not be done) to death, it could be rebuilt. Of course, the question hangs in the air, and after that would be rebuilt, it was still the same Ijon Tichy, or just the same as the person he is. Reading the "Journals" in the last year of primary school, I concluded that it is only reasonable to assume, however, that this would be the same man. This riddle however involve a number of further questions. Lem puts some of them, moreover, in a later chapter. For example, if the soul (understood as in my post of September 12) may be the multiplication - or self and identity can be replicated? And again, I thought that nothing (except for deceiving us intuitively) does not preclude the possibility that such a permit. After playing a few Ijonów Tichych there would also be a few copies of his soul. Further reasoning has already been driving without a hint of Lem. Since the self and identity can be multiplication, this is what happens when certain items will not be a perfect copy, but for example we create a hybrid Ijon and someone else? I decided that if the particle identity is lost, however, the deepest self, and (most important) components soul will be saved. Going this way, I thought that all people are in a deep sense of one and the same man. That their self and the core of their soul is not just the same, but quite common. This also meant that I discovered immortality. Because even if I die, my self and my humanity will continue to run in the billions of people living on Earth.
discovery was one of the intellectual achievements of my primary school period, of which I was most proud of. It was for such an enjoyable that I wanted to share it with all individuals encountered. Beyond the immediate family but have not met with understanding. Colleagues atheists do not understand what I mean, a believer that what I say is not Christian. Me and bursting with joy and a sense of the obviousness of the same as the understanding of the evidence that the height of the triangle intersect at one point.

I also noted then that component is immortal in us more. Our genes are immortal, which - even if they do not have children - that they are sustained by them paid, but who pass them on. Ongoing cultural values \u200b\u200bthat are successfully transmitted between people (despite some regrettable psychopaths who are trying to discredit them - for example by referring to them as mempleksów or viruses of the mind).

When many years later I became interested in religions (Eastern and ancient), I learned that Buddhism and Hinduism probably say the same thing, what in the last years of his childhood came, as the reincarnation of the true Brahmin and Buddhist sages was treated metaphorically. Tales of almost karma and subsequent incarnations were instructive and morality tale, which was closer to the simple truth that we are really one and the same man.

This belief was also the core of anthroposophy, Rudolf Steiner, and if you believe the author of the essay "Christianity as a mystical reality of the mysteries of ancient times" it was It is also the essence and the Eleusinian mysteries orfickich and esoteric content of ancient Christianity. Because really, if the texts Steiner grate pseudometafizyczny settlements remain content that can be summarized in one sentence - "all men are one and the same man."

Whether Steiner in his interpretations of ancient mysteries was right, everything seems to indicate that the wisdom of which I write here has been masked somewhat in the form of a component of most pagan beliefs. Mircea Eliade, the "Myth of the Eternal Return" describes the ratio of the ancient pagans to life after death:
"... The transformation of the deceased the 'ancestor' to match the unit is in the category of archetypal. In many traditions (for example, in Greece) ordinary souls of the dead are no longer 'memory' - they are, what we might call the historical individuality. The transformation of the dead larvae, etc. is in some sense to adopt them back to the impersonal archetype 'ancestor'. The fact that in the tradition of the Greek heroes just keep following the death of personality (ie, the memory of himself), can be easily understood: having done in his earthly life only the best works , the hero retains the memory of this because from a certain point of view, these works were impersonal.
Apart from the concept of transformation of the dead in the 'ancestors', and considering the fact of death for the conclusion 'history' bodies, it seems quite natural that the memory of a post mortem of this 'story' is limited, or - in other words - the memory of the passions, events, anything that involves with the right individual, at the time of death ceases to exist. "
This attitude of the ancient heathen can only be understood considering that he had a feeling of indestructibility, the core of that soul, but he knew that what is individual really disintegrates.
And, indeed, is confirmed by three beautiful Hellenic myths - one of Demetrze and Persephone, and the two myths of Orpheus. The myth of Persephone (everyone remember him) teaches us about the relationship between our immortality, and the continual rebirth of nature. Persephone returns each spring - those who went back in every birth. The first myth orfickich, that the journey to Hades to get away from there Euridice shows why we can not understand that death is an illusion: we must be "history", being tied to specific, well-known shapes reality. Attachment which makes it impossible to see what is eternal, Orpheus looked back, what is missing has taken his attempt to rescue his beloved. The second myth is about orfickich death of the Prophet, about how his body is torn a thousand pieces, each of which is still vibrant. This myth is an indication that after death we lose a particular identity, that we are everywhere and nowhere, in thousands of places in the millions, billions of people.

recently wondered whether there are such interpretations of Christianity, which would give the reconciled with the understanding of eternal life, of which I speak here. I'm not talking about Steiner, but something closer to orthodoxy. Empty tomb unless thwarted, however, "the road to Emmaus" and recognize Jesus after the breaking of the bread may be a clue that this is possible. The same is probably also the confession of St. Paul's letter to the Galatians: " It is no longer I who live but Christ lives in me ", which may suggest that, and intended to eternal life is what ponadindywidualne - Christ, not Paul . In the same direction unless it leads Jesus' words "I am the vine guilty, and you are the branches ". Either these so moving, uttered on the cross: " Woman, behold your son ... ".

now turn to the most important questions. Is this a vision of immortality can be comforting? Some seven years ago I felt a rebellion against the reality - that is who I am as an individual must be destroyed seemed to me inexpressibly sad, even tragic. In the life after death, as a continuation of earthly life, I could not believe it (even though I felt a Christian). Think about that my memories, experiences related to places and people that I knew, disappear as if they had never been wpędzała me in a state of despair. Apparently Stefan Kisielewski, when after the death of his wife heard from a Catholic theologian that "we will be saved individually as the" completely broke down. Then I understood him well. I understood it, Herbert, who in his brilliant poem U gate of the valley, "compared " throat of the valley "filled with waiting for entry to paradise the souls of the Auschwitz ramp. Because if we can be happy with eternity without it everything ukochaliśmy? And then much closer to Steiner seemed to me the interpretation of ancient mysteries as stated by Professor Tadeusz Zielinski, who desires immortality sources interpret it as a longing for those whom we love and who have departed.

passed some years, and my rebellion probably get fired. I also found solace in line with the philosophy of which I wrote here. Immortality, "in other people" in fact gives us some relief in the form of forgetfulness - none of those who are born after us, will not recognize the "scraps of letters, ribbons, hair censored ", which hid in our drawers.
Here I feel that I must once again bow to the Greeks, with their beautiful myth of the waters of Lethe, which are bound for Hades gave oblivion. Another
found consolation in the recent discovery that our whole life is a constant dying (I made this discovery while watching some old photographs of a slim dark-haired, about which I know I wore my first and last name).
Still another, is that the scientific concept of providing an infinite universe, and life expectancy (based on the DNA) appear to be - in the light recent discoveries - become more likely.

Oldfarts Yong Tarts Online

Real Old Testament?

begin with questions. Who was the author of the following statements?

"Think about what condition the body and soul should you bring death and how short life is, how cavernous eternity, past and future, how fragile all matter!"
and further:
".. . the actor is removed from the scene praetor, who received him. "But I did not play five instruments, only three!" - Okay. But in life the three acts constitute the entire piece. Because when you have finished, determined that those who composed the team before, and now dissolved. But you neither one nor the other part did not you took. Go away so gently. Because it is mild and the one who releases you ... "
or in another place:
" ... What a power is the man? Do only that which deserves the praise of God, and all accept that God will use him !..."

No, there are passages of the Confessions of St. Augustine's thought, nor select any other holy Christian church. These words come from "Meditations" Roman Emperor and philosopher Marcus Aurelius, which Christianity had much in common that persecuting them furiously, as hostile to everything sacred cult.

The fact that many views of the Stoics - especially the Roman Stoics - is a Christian I knew a very long time. Not noticed that, unfortunately, nothing mysterious, but probably should. I also knew a long time (since a "twelfth day of the" year of life), that the celebration of Christmas was established on the pagan winter solstice holiday, that is the origin of pagan most of the props and traditions of Christmas that the story of the birth of the god in a cave-man and the virgin mother appeared in many pagan traditions, it is also the story of the resurrection, and many Easter traditions originated from the tradition of pre-Christian religions. And it bothered me at times (when it was more I wanted to be a Christian), and sometimes enjoyed (when just gathering the arguments that had me confirm the conviction that Christianity is a fairy tale.) Paganism believed then as an obvious bullshit, and the similarities may suggest the same way the creation of or indicate the true heritage of faith, to which is alternately revolted or returned to it. In addition, by faith alone made me - as I thought - to the rejection of "foreign gods" and "foreign myths", and therefore also to the rejection of her. I thought that the presence of pagan elements undermines the credibility of Christianity itself, and I had a strong feeling that these "foreign" influences may be much more. These forebodings were powerful confirmation of the spring of 2000. It started from the fact that I watched on television program devoted to Planete origins of Christianity. He spoke there a historian of religion, a professor at the University of Jerusalem (probably Hassid, judging from the clothing and impressive length pejsów), which postulated that Jesus was a religious apostate and that his science had little to do with Judaism. That he had betrayed the Mosaic religion, and - bringing the religious message of gojom - its people, for which he had to meet him die "on a tree" - because this is the death of Israel were punished when treason. Professor vehemently denied that so settled by the Harnack belief that Jesus himself was "durch und durch Jude that it was only after his death, began to accept Christianity the pagan elements. Jewish professor argued that at the time of its formation, has been steeped in the religion of Judaism foreign agents. The program that made a powerful impression on me. I felt as if someone finally opened my eyes to a truth of great importance, which is probably subconsciously sensed, but which never - even in my mind - I could not express. I knew then that "this is it, I found a topic that I must begin to explore.

few weeks have passed since then, seeing the program on the Internet when I found a book of Professor Tadeusz Zielinski called "Hellenism and Judaism." I bought it immediately. The note from the publisher found out that the author was the most famous in the world and respected among all Polish Hellenists, a professor of several universities throughout Europe (including Warsaw University, the University of St. Petersburg and the Jagiellonian University), and the book you just bought is the third volume of the "Religions of the Ancient World." Subject

influence of ancient paganism to Christianity appears in each of the six volumes of the series, however, is the third volume, aims to prove that the religion of ancient Hellas is a real Old Testament Christianity, it is the religion and philosophy of the Greeks and Romans influenced the new religion to the extent incomparably more powerful than the religion of Moses.

influence while the latter, first the impact of Hellenism on Judaism - and hence the impact, which coincides with the period from 300 BC until the beginning of our era. The most important of its effects is the appearance in Judaism, belief in a posthumous award for the righteous. Ironically, rebelling against the influence of the Greek insurgents Machabejscy expected that the reward for those who died in this battle will be just a legitimate place in paradise (maliciously I could say that the Champs-Elysees eternal peace). It was under Greek influence there is a belief that after death will be elected to commune with God. Earlier books of the Old Testament only talk about sheol "where God's power does not reach" . The second effect of Hellenistic influence was appearing then thought that the message can carry religious and other nations, and the proselyte must not be worse than someone born in the faith of Abraham and Moses. It was then that raises a permission for the conversion of the Gentiles, and many Egyptians, Syrians and Greeks adopted Judaism. But it is happening only due to contacts with the religious culture of the Greeks. Zielinski is doing an excellent summary here of the Greek and Jewish view of God: "Homeric Zeus was the god of all humanity and looked equally sympathetic and Greek, and his enemy if he deserved it, "Woe is me. My husband, whom I love, they see my eyes, as he was pursuing in the circle of walls, and my heart is sorrow pervades" - says he [Zeus] by Hector, the main enemy of the Achaeans at Troy ... ". Judaism, which was the religion of ekskluzywistyczną, under the influence is more often he was ready to accept those who praise the Lord, even though not born into a Jewish family. In the last three centuries before the beginning of our era Jews know the Greek culture, and more educated of them, including Greek philosophy. Among the Jewish diaspora, but also among Jews living in Palestine, is spreading into Koine, which at the dawn of our era is becoming one of the main Jewish languages \u200b\u200b(Hebrew and partly displacing Aramaic), translated the Greek books are Old Testament (the Septuagint .)

For Zielinski (and as I learned later, also for many other researchers - for example, for Toynbee), the key to understanding how Christianity can be born is the remarkable specificity of land called Galilee. Its very name derives from the Hebrew Zielinski Galil-haq-goim, which means land of the Gentiles (unbelievers, strangers). In the third century before Christ, it is mainly inhabited by the hellenizujący Syrians, Greeks, and of course the Jews who were a minority, however. Temples of Apollo and Zeus, there arises a lot more than any other religious shrines. Greek religion becomes almost a universal religion Galileans. As a result of the Maccabean uprising Galilee is incorporated into the Jewish state and somewhere from the early first century BC many of its inhabitants will be treated - often forced - Judaisation. Judaism is therefore - at least officially - the dominant religion in the Galilee. Formed a synagogue, but the cult of the Greek gods continues. As throughout the Hellenistic world, so in the Galilee, in the second and first century BC starts waiting for the birth of Apollo - the god (son of Zeus, the highest), which has become man to redeem his humiliation by the sins of the world, and after the redemption works "to return to his father and sit on his right hand" . It is to be the Savior of all mankind, and not - as the Jewish Messiah - someone who will give power to a single nation. Apollonian Myth is one of the most important topics, "Religions of the Ancient World." Professor Zielinski shows how the prediction of the Trojan prophetess, the incarnation Zeusowego son "in a thousand years after the destruction of the city of Priam," captured the minds of the Romans and other peoples of the Roman Empire. As expected in a special way this coming of a divine savior in the first century BC and were considered as the next national heroes of Rome (for example, the emperor Octavian Augustus.) Professor Zielinski also writes about the immense popularity of the second myth about another Zeusowym son - born of a virgin Alkmeny Heraklesie, who after a life full of sweat and anguish also sat "on the right hand of Zeus."
Writing about the religious sensitivities of other different reference Galileans, Zielinski notes filled with love - not fear - a reference to God. It is the Galileans begin to call Jehovah "daddy", which is an obvious influence of the Greek way of living relative to the sacrum.

Another aspect mentioned by Professor Zielinski is how 'Greek' was the teaching of Jesus relationship with God (as a loving, forgiving Father), with strangers (which one is your neighbor "), monogamy (a Jewish polygamy) and the mass of other examples. It also shows how deeply Hellenistic was also the way students perceive their master - after all, everyone (except Judas) Galileans. So it is natural to Zielinski, the Gospels and the Book of Revelation is full of symbolism and references to Greek poetry. Author of "Religions of the Ancient World," cites dozens of examples - of course, the prologue of the Gospel of St. Logos John, but also appears in the Revelation vision of a woman, over whose head, John sees "a crown of twelve stars" and who "has give birth to a child, which lurks a dragon" (borrowed from one of the many poetic version of Apollonian myth.) Stories about the birth of the Lord - so reminiscent of the legend of Heraklesie (only virgin was worthy to become the mother of a son of God): respect for the virginity of course, was completely alien to Jewish culture, and the idea that God could have the Son of man for them was so shocking that the high priest carrying the court hearing the words of Jesus, "I am" could only rend garments and exclaim, "He has uttered blasphemy." For quoted by Zielinski countless examples I would add the poetics of the Homeric scene of farewell to his wife and son Hector wyruszającego to war, whether his fear of attempting to fight with Achilles, who so much remind me of the word prayer in Gethsemane.

Thirdly (and here only Zielinski agrees with Harnackiem) strong was the influence of paganism and ancient philosophy on the development of Christian doctrine. However, this place has been the very beginning, when the Galileans and the Hellenized Jewish diaspora take the Good News. Here, too, is a whole bunch of examples - the effect of triad Arcadian Zeus-Hermes Pan, the birth of the doctrine of the Trinity. Adoption of the Greek doctrine of the seven Deadly Sins (Zielinski quotes Horace's poem, and refers to its own version of this issue) and the adoption of the doctrine of sin, of contamination of human nature at the moment of conception. The cult of the Virgin Mary, which Professor Zielinski considers the continuation of worship Mother Earth, Demeter, and Isis, and shows that the cult took over the whole pagan symbolism.
Zielinski points out that even Christian monotheism can hardly be considered typically Jewish heritage, as in Greek and Roman philosophy, he appeared frequently, while the Mosaic religion was originally monolatrią (admitted the existence of other gods, but weaker than the God of Israel). Also reminds us of późnorzymskiej "wielojedyności" god, expressed in the zawołaniu "gods."
Hellenistic worlds of course, was the division of heaven, purgatory and hell.
Zielinski gives a mass of rites, religious symbolism, religious art and associated with her sensitivity, which was taken over from the pagan Romans and Greeks. Not the way it all in a single post even mentioned.

course, I agree with those who put Zielinski allegation of bias, exaggerated emphases of Greek influence and simultaneously downplaying Jewish influences, which, moreover, is often attributed to a negative value (consider that a bad benefited the new religion.) Do not change the fact that his work is probably the only source of so extensive in the Polish language, describing the history of the formation of Christian religion and the role of the pagan influence on the rise.

I finished reading "Religions of the Ancient World" I felt partly heathen and understood that identity.

Finally it remains for me nothing but encourage everyone to read, "Religions of the Ancient World" - works fine, though written nearly 70 years ago. I can still recommend the development of Greek mythology, written by Professor Zielinski, the "Ancient fabulous" - it can be read to children. It is incomparably more interesting reading from the "mythology" Jan Parandowski.

Ecdy Bolin Information

soul, awareness, and other fauna

excellent philosopher, Dominican father, Professor Joseph Maria Bochenski in his famous "One hundred and superstitions," he writes about two superstitious mniemaniach the soul:
"... Superstition is materialistic przeczeniu obvious fact that man - and with it, unless the higher animals have some experiences, ideas, thoughts and feelings that knows something and wants something. All these phenomena are called together learned the word "psyche" - a popular language in talking about the soul. Deny the existence of a soul in this sense can only be an extremely superstitious man, which is completely blind to the most obvious things. It may be worthwhile to emphasize that more serious materialists are not as superstitious in this way: do not deny the existence of the soul, they say only that it is "something tangible." But this is a superstition - you might as well be argued that the tree is actually a cake, iron and water, because mental phenomena are nevertheless quite different from physical property.
There is another superstition for the soul. We call it here 'superstition reistycznym', from the Latin res, which means the same as ... This second opinion is based on superstition , that the human soul, it is similar to such things as tables, typewriters, mountains, and crocodiles. An extreme expression of this zabobonowi gave the French philosopher Rene Descartes. According to him, man consists of two things, of two pieces (he calls it the "substances"), namely the corporeal things, it is the body, and things spiritual, that is the soul. Descartes's view is in fact only a pseudo-phrase of the widespread superstition of the human spirit strolling outside the body. For example, ancient Egyptians believed already in the XXV century before Christ, that is, 4,500 years ago, that the soul wanders after the death of the body in the form of a bird with a human head around the grave of the deceased ... "
Next Bochenski develops his thought and shows that the soul must be understood as a function of the body (guess that would be willing to dopowiedział here that it is a function of his particular authority, namely, brain). It also shows that in a similar manner of understanding the soul of the greatest of the medieval theologians - St. Thomas Aquinas.
Some may seem shocking that a Catholic priest (and besides him probably the most famous medieval Catholic theologian and philosopher) reject the functioning of the universal concept of dualistic perceptions and approach to the view of most contemporary scientists' non-religious backgrounds or materialists. It is true that the latter prefer to avoid the term "soul" and replace it with the name "psyche", but you can see from the quote, so to them and Bocheńskiemu it exactly the same thing. To me it just is not so much shocked, because he's out from the thirteenth year of life for long, though interrupted by periods of doubt and disbelief, with larger or smaller troubles combined belief that the soul is a function of brain, with the profession and practice of faith in which I was brought up.

In this post, let me a little more personal topics, which I think will prove to be justified.
At the end of primary school rozczytywałem in Lem's books and I think that under the influence of a lot of time was spent figuring out the phenomenon of consciousness. Easily reconciled with the fact that mental phenomena are responsible for processes in the brain. Frapował me, but then the following problem: if
A) the set of a few atoms has no consciousness, and
B) if a collection of atoms has no consciousness, then adding another atom, it can not make it will become a conscious entity, then how can be true that
C) a finite set of atoms, which is the brain, it has consciousness?
Of course I knew that sometimes "the amount can create a new quality" (for example, the set of elementary particles, none of which has a color creates a substance having color), but in all such cases can easily find the point at which inductive reasoning is collapses. In the case of the problem of awareness of brain material nohow that point could not be found. Twenty years later I learned that the problem that is then wrack my brains is called hard problem of consciousness and that basically none of the scientists and philosophers have no idea how to solve it we might go about it. Many of them (see the Vienna Circle ) thought to deal with him for taking a completely sterile. I myself, I decided then that probably is false the first of the assumptions that the above mentioned and that the ability to feel something, to "being inside" to have a "subjective experience" is a fundamental feature of matter, or at least very simple physical systems. Of course, it was not me then about some naive antropomorfizowanie plants or stones, but rather that in addition to features such as mass, charge, relative position, and the speed of physical objects have a characteristic that is associated with the experience. And too many years later I learned that I was not an original, and that similar concepts developed were by many philosophers (Alfred Whitehead and Samuel Alexander) and scholars (even the creator of quantum mechanics - for example, Wolfgang Pauli, Erwin Schroedinger, Carl von Weizsäcker and David Bohm). A third of the things related to the mystery of consciousness, which in late childhood and adolescence I experienced was a powerful feeling that there is something elusive, that this irreducible to mechanical phenomena of consciousness, in principle, I can not even well defined, although it is yet the most basic of human - and and so my - experience. Even though it is an experience against which all others are just derivative. For a teenage boy, what if I were a very frustrating experience, so gave up discussion on these issues for nearly twenty years.
returned to them, however, but only a few years ago. I began to read, especially on the Internet by searching the text of famous philosophers and scientists. And though a variety of my beliefs are constantly evolving, the notion that the soul is a function of the brain have not changed at all. I was also faithful to the belief that the problems of consciousness are extremely difficult, perhaps even intractable and that the most promising path that leads to perhaps the solution is so or otherwise, or emergentyzm panpsychizm understood. I've never convinced me stories about various experiences from the border of life and death, which I heard in high school - if anyone remember these experiences, it is apparently his brain still functioned. The similarity of these experiences to the states described by some mystics also proves nothing. But honestly admit that not once felt tempted to make these stories become. Not completely convinced me trendy probably last Rupert Sheldrake with his concept of morphic fields and construction of comparing the brain to a device which combines TV and video cameras, remotely communicates with the non-material (as far as I understand it) the soul. Even during the reading (three years ago), I saw that against the concept Sheldrakea niefalsyfikowalności be objected, and in addition, it is easy to amputowalna by Ockhamowskiej razor. Sheldrake does not explain anything to us, but solely by means of artificial structure replaces one mystery by another, but this time such as the knowledge that we choose never to her research tools. However, it does not explain anything Daniel Dennett, who is trying to confuse the reader by way of one of his famous books "Consciousness explained" , where - in my humble opinion - he just pretends that it does not understand the essence of the mystery of consciousness. Dennettowi also be objected niefalsyfikowalności and I fear that this is a curse that weighs heavily on any attempt to explain these phenomena. Experiment in definitively proving anything or falsyfikujący, must then refer to this as the phenomenon "is seen" from inside ", and" there "by definition can not be found. Reading the discussion of Dennett's ideas, however, recently landed on the web site his fine polemicist - David Chalmers. Professor Chalmers is the author of hundreds of publications on topics related to the phenomenon of consciousness, the editor of the online magazine "Psyche" , the editor of a website with dozens and perhaps hundreds of links to excellent publications on topics related to the mystery of consciousness. It scjentystą, but not a materialist, who Recognizing the complexity and understanding the spirit of mystery entangled in the matter believe that the solution to the scientific method can ever be real (the optimist). It is also aware that the "solution" may mean the emergence of clear evidence of inability to explain these phenomena. It believes that to reach a possible explanation would probably require the creation of a new field of science. This is what Chalmers is the author of determining the existence of mysteries such thing as consciousness (as the "inner experience") difficult problem Consciousness. Chalmers is a supporter of the concept of consciousness is called dualism of properties - that the reality does not consist of separate substance - spiritual and material, but that matter has physical and spiritual properties (which are not reducible to physical - as in physics, for example, the load is not reducible to weight). Regardless of my slight skepticism about the possibility of finding a solution to puzzles of consciousness, going into published on the website own texts or texts Chalmers other authors, This is one of the most inspiring intellectual adventures befell me in recent years. Besides

phenomenon of consciousness with the soul combine two other mysterious phenomena - the self and the intellect (or intelligence). Topics are huge, but I will write about them here a few observations. Many philosophers - for example, Daniel Dennett, Susan Blackmore and John Gray argues that the self does not exist. Proof of this is to be non-existence of continuity of consciousness - which has shown recent advances in neuroscience. In one meaning of this thesis is false. But the lack of continuity was known, and without today's neuroscience. Each of us have experienced the many thousands of times the presence of these "holes", every morning after a more or less sleepless night (no matter what he did the day before). Nor is that the fragmentation of consciousness is very high (reportedly glimpses of consciousness lasts for a split second), or lack of a permanent place in which she would not resided within the brain strengthens the thesis of the non-self, as a meaningful category. The same principle could be put into question after the existence of Daniel Dennett - because his body is not constant - it consists of tiny atoms, each of which is in another place, and between them yawns a huge emptiness in relation to their size. The fact remains that the self is experienced, objective, not subjective, individual. So we can not talk about my self, if you (dear reader), the self, but only of the self as a universal phenomenon, associated with consciousness. It is in this sense, Dennett, Blackmore, and Grey are right in saying that the self does not exist. Indeed, there is no individual self. You can get to this, however, without reference to neurology. I'll write more about this on the occasion one of the following entries, which I intend to devote, as I understand the immortality of the soul.

finally move on to the last of the phenomena, about which I wanted to write today. In many popular programs appear again and again about the alleged achievements of professionals in the creation of so-called Artificial Intelligence. Do not give them the faith. Since the time of Turing, who first zapostulował build thinking machines as a man I have not gone in the direction designated by him or a step. From today's perspective it seems more realistic that we do not solve puzzles intelligence than ever that in the next few centuries, man will be able to talk with your computer, just like talking to a good friend. There are thinkers who do doubt the possibility of creating artificial intelligence and, moreover, there are a variety of interesting arguments. But you do not need to be so radical as they were, to notice a huge naivety Turing, who believed that the problem of artificial intelligence will be resolved even in the twentieth century.

subject of the soul, whether the relationship between mind and body, is huge and fascinating at the same time, so I will not once come back to him. It also has this nice feature that, given the powerlessness in the field of science, all of this is to "make the expert", of which I with pleasure I do.

Women Of X Men The Movie

One of my colleagues asked me was, why the name I chose my blog name narnijskiego fauna. Responding briefly, I would say that this was one of the nicest characters or the story of Lewis and even the Greek Pan, a Roman Faun (probably the root of both common names), is one of the nicest people of the ancient pantheon. But let me expand a bit of this explanation. Pan was the god of forces of nature, the guardian of the mountain forests, wild and domesticated animals, the patron saint of shepherds. Although its name suggests that it could someday be a major "universal" god of the Hellenic religion, in our consciousness survives as a symbol of the magic of nature. The cult of the Lord (Fauna) has always involved a Greek (and later Hellenistic) love of nature, experiencing its beauty and holiness, was connected with the worship of sacred groves, dryads, ghosts of meadows, forests and trees. The belief that God (the sacred) manifests itself in the beauty and the forces of nature was a feature of many religions, but the role of the Hellenistic hierofanii was quite special. Arnold Toynbee points out that "organic" sensibility of Indian Buddhism, "Big Dipper" has developed only under the influence of Hindu mystics and contacts with the Greek philosophers, who arrived in India along with the armies of Alexander. Probably
Hellenic word (but Slavonic, Germanic and Celtic), love of nature had its source in the beauty, inhabited by those peoples of the lands, but also in the fact that the nature of our ancestors fed, but it is not for them, never a great threat.
If so, it is not strange that the people living in hostile and dangerous deserts of the Middle East have a different relationship to nature. Making the land (desert) "subjecting" was a matter "to be or not to be" for those called upon to live between the Nile and the Euphrates.
meeting between the "desert people" and "people of meadows and forests" that took place three centuries before the beginning of our era, as a result of the victorious march of the Macedonian army chief, was perhaps the most momentous and fraught the effects of a historical event since the invention of farming techniques. One of the most important and the consequences of this meeting was the birth of religion, which after several centuries, became the religion of half of humanity. The new religion, though she was Jewish syncretism that combines elements of helleńskimi, the ratio of the cults of nature drew from the Jewish, not Greek heritage. Professor
Kravchuk said about her confrontation with paganism:
" .... Antique cults, pagan, Slavic, and our Mediterranean - had a very nice feature which is forgotten - they were all associated with nature, with nature worship. In these beliefs are sacred groves, each star is something living, and finally with us, Slavic nations, there are sacred trees. I come to the first Christian missions to our lands. What will begin to spread their faith? From chopping the old, sacred trees, against which the Gentiles made their victims. And here, sir, is the beginning of an environmental disaster. Laughs at you? Let the laughs from the old Mr. Kravchuk. But I prove that my reasons are deeply rooted in the Old Testament. There, at the very beginning, in the words of God it says "make for yourselves the land has been subjected." Man is the master of all creation, is the owner and can do whatever he wants with the land. Because it is his, for he is Lord God. Quite different was the attitude to the land of our pious pagans. Yes, devout pagans. You can read about in the texts of Greek and Roman. For the Greeks, Romans and Christians were atheists because they do not recognize the gods. Christians had their God, which for the Romans and Greeks was a stranger and the Christian God was an atheist, because they did not recognize the gods. Christianity brought with it an imperious attitude toward the world. Value you, and not cohabitant. While for us, once again I stress, the pious heathen whole world is on an equal footing ... "
Similar sentences can be found in the first volume of the Ancient World Religions series by the most eminent Polish experts think of antiquity, Professor Tadeusz Zielinski:
" ... The true opposite of the Hellenes was ancient Israel. Driven by his God, the Lord of hosts, he came as a foreigner and the winner of the "promised land". Do not fed filial affection for this land, which has never been his mother - lived it wrong ghosts. And that her imperious, predatory attitude toward the earth, and he also instilled the religions, some of which came from it: Christianity and Islam, the land of his mother became a slave - obey, but a vengeful (...) verily, God is utterly burned Mohammed This vast land of rags - ancient gods around him tender care. "
Led by Christians struggle with the cult of nature was of course part - no longer so important to Judaism - the fight against idolatry. The God of Abraham and Moses was a jealous God. For many centuries, nature has ceased to be holy, and its patron saint - you (or at least its image), has become synonymous with the devil. Forgotten love to nature, returned only (unfortunately for a short time) in the late Middle Ages to the person of Francis of Assisi. Blade hierofanii directed against nature, however, proved to be a double-edged. Prominent American conservative thinker, born in Hungary, Professor Thomas Molnar in one of his books, draws attention to precisely that: "... Christianity from the beginning contained within it the seeds that have ripened, then turned against the shell of religion, which it has issued. Seeds These tend to rationalize and de-sanctification. "
Zdesakralizowanej nature assigned the role of soulless machines. Deprived of her attribute of holiness. When the scientific revolution as a result of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, it was noted that this man is a part of nature, the whole religious outlook had to collapse. And though to see that our life is "a form of existence of the protein" could become a rediscovery of the wonders of nature, then the unquestioned belief that it is a mechanism meant that European thought has gone in the opposite direction - born of nihilism.
However, I believe that there is a way out of this spiritual trap faced by the Atlantic civilization and that it goes through some form of reconciliation of Christianity and the pagan worship of nature. For Christianity itself is certainly a chance, but a potential "political" trap. Two thousand years of fighting against idolatry can not just cancel.
idea that the path from materialism to Christianity can lead by paganism (especially by the paganism of nature) is obviously not my own invention. In this direction led, under many anthropologists, scholars of religion, whether Christianity sympathetic thinkers and writers of the second half of the twentieth century. An example might be if only the author ekranizowanych's "The Chronicles of Narnia", the English writer and Christian apologist, and CS Lewis, who converted when his friend JRR Tolkien (author of "The Lord of the Rings") convinced him that the pagan myths are not fabrication, but they are true (in the spiritual and symbolic dimension). It is no coincidence that Lewisowska Narnia is inhabited by wildlife, dryads, ghosts of forest streams, centaurs, and other good forces of the ancient cult Nature. Positive attitude to the ancient paganism was Tolkien, but also Chesterton. Hope that this effort will be taken in the direction where I can draw on the interest, which - especially among the Jesuits and Dominicans, and therefore the Church's intellectual elite - raised from the work of Simone Weil years. Recall that this extraordinary thinker, fell in love with Christianity, seeing it as a continuation of religion of Hellas.
underscores that he did not dream of the revival of paganism, because such a revival today, I think it is totally impossible, and and undesirable. But I dream - although I know it's unrealistic dream - to see and theological recognition by the Church (Catholic, Orthodox, Protestant), the role and sanctity of the foundation of Christianity, which was the antique paganism, with particular attention to this forgotten element - the worship of nature. Christianity, which really for the most part was a continuation of ancient Hellenistic religions than Judaism, that the pagan roots treated since the beginning of its existence as something embarrassing. Tried to conceal from myself my own background, like a child who is ashamed to be one of his parents and erasing his own identity in part from the inherited trait. A shame really did not have what. Most of its elements, precious and beautiful sublime and above all, in the truest sense of the real fact was given directly or indirectly from his Olympic-loving father of the Greeks.
I hope to write about this at greater length in one of the following entries.

Father And Son Blogger

Why Free will and determinism

quite widely assumed that determinism conflicts with free will. If we were machines, progressive in a precise way through the built in us an internal program and external stimuli, there could be no question of freedom, nor even the will, which - it is said - would then be the usual illusion. Our consciousness is so rejestrowałaby emotions, events and decisions which would have no impact. Rejestrowałaby the illusion that such an influence exists. Determinism, which reduces man to a more complex machine (or even much more complicated), it also has - as is often believed - remove from human responsibility for his actions. How can anyone claim to have a machine that did exactly what I had done. We laugh, for example, Xerxes, who ordered his men to whip the sea, which sank its ships. Should we not be equally loud laugh from those who make us criminals?
It is said that hopes to regain faith in free will not appear until the twentieth century, as a result of the disaster of mechanism and the birth of new physics with its principle of indeterminacy. Indeterminism of the quantum level was therefore allow us to regain the time Laplace La Mettriego belief that man himself, in a free way determines their behavior.
I believe that such views are a major simplification. Firstly, I do not agree that indeterminism at the quantum level the situation has changed for the benefit of man, as the sovereign of its own decisions. Of course, it is highly likely that sometimes some random quantum leap in our brain will trigger a sequence of events that will cause will make a different decision than we would have taken if they jump into this never took place. But does this entitle us to give our decision attribute of freedom, which otherwise we would not have assigned? Is not it sometimes just the opposite? Is this what we expect from our decision is not just their internal predictability - compatibility with our system of values, with our tastes? Do not want to be a consequence of our experiences, thoughts, intellect? This brings us to the heart - it is not important whether the soul is woven with pneumy or protein - for the existence of free will is essential if she decides on its own preferences. Dependence on the random events in the microworld rather restricts the freedom of our will, rather than strengthens, as it would like thinkers who basically saw Heisenbega hope of saving faith in man - undoubtedly weakened by the nineteenth century the dominance of mechanism. This is not to say that the uncertainty principle averse attitude I have. On the contrary - it is most consistent with my inner feelings, but I do not think that we are just Heisenbergowi have to thank for saving the vision of the world, which makes it morally justifiable, for example, a system of penalties for criminals.
penalties if you already mentioned, it let me move to the question of the relationship between determinism, and responsibility. Does the fact that taken by a criminal offender decision was in some way internally determined, it can be an excuse for his act? In my opinion, in any event. For a possible release of man's responsibility for acts committed by him can be influenced by two factors. First, it is possible to be subject to external influences - such as liability is less if the offender threatened someone that if you do not join the crime, he is killed. Another factor that may detract from the responsibility, is a lack of knowledge of consequences of the action. Neither of these two factors has nothing to do with internal determinism criminal behavior. And again, we can say that is exactly the opposite of what is often considered - determinism increases, not decreases the man's responsibility for his conduct. Returning to Xerxes, his reaction was funny, not because the sea is an automatic, but because the issuing his order, acted as if he believed that the sea is aware of, and that is sensitive to punishment such as flogging and under their may influence refrain from flooding the Persian ships.
proceed to the next question, over which debated by the ancient Greeks. Is our fate is determined at the time of our birth, and perhaps even arbitrarily far away from them? Note that it's actually a question about the causal nature of the world in which we live. It does not have much in common with the existence of free will, because she is doing well regardless of whether our world is, or is not determined. And here the only modern physics has something to say. Heisenberg's principle and stochastic bifurcations in organic chemistry, which are posted in their work Ilia Prigogine let us now consider almost for granted that the future of the world, and therefore the future of an individual human being is impossible to predict. The future from the past differs so substantially. Followers of mechanism (including Einstein) believed that the arrow of time is an illusion. All the equations are perfectly symmetric with respect to time, allowing them to preach the view that the impression is solely due to expiration of the structure of our minds. May seem puzzling that did not convince them of the falsity the philosophy of the second law of thermodynamics, which showed, after the existence of a process that can take place only in one direction. What does, however, relevant to the problem, which so oppressed the minds of the Hellenes? Well, I think it is essential, though - as I will try to show - it's not clear from the theory of natural solution to the problem of predestination, and vice versa - a solution to this problem tells us how physics can be correct.
Przeprowadźmy following experiment conceived. Assume that Perseus found out that his destiny is to accidentally kill your grandfather. If there would be able to accurately predict the future he could find out exactly what date and under what circumstances, the event occurs. Then, just enough that day refused to take part in the discus throw competition, and fate would be transformed. That could be the face of such knowledge to change the plans we know from elementary knowledge of the laws of psychology, and therefore without reference to the achievements of twentieth century physics. The assumption that the future is predictable turns out to be contradictory. Thus, knowledge of human nature, standard allows the formulation of the uncertainty principle for the makroświata beings - endowed with the psyche of human beings. It also lets you recognize the existence of the fundamental asymmetry of time and without recourse to Boltzmann.
It seems that the Greeks understood the relationship, which I speak here. Hence, their gods were against the perfidious enough heroes - do not supply them with detailed knowledge of the future, so as to prevent a maneuver that would allow them to escape destiny.
future is a mystery. There is something fundamentally different from the past. The situation in which they imagined Perseus itself shows that only takes into account the physics of time asymmetry may be the correct physics of our world. It also shows that the future of inscrutability is a necessary condition for determinism. Paradox? In this strangest of all possible worlds is certainly not the only one.