quite widely assumed that determinism conflicts with free will. If we were machines, progressive in a precise way through the built in us an internal program and external stimuli, there could be no question of freedom, nor even the will, which - it is said - would then be the usual illusion. Our consciousness is so rejestrowałaby emotions, events and decisions which would have no impact. Rejestrowałaby the illusion that such an influence exists. Determinism, which reduces man to a more complex machine (or even much more complicated), it also has - as is often believed - remove from human responsibility for his actions. How can anyone claim to have a machine that did exactly what I had done. We laugh, for example, Xerxes, who ordered his men to whip the sea, which sank its ships. Should we not be equally loud laugh from those who make us criminals?
It is said that hopes to regain faith in free will not appear until the twentieth century, as a result of the disaster of mechanism and the birth of new physics with its principle of indeterminacy. Indeterminism of the quantum level was therefore allow us to regain the time Laplace La Mettriego belief that man himself, in a free way determines their behavior.
I believe that such views are a major simplification. Firstly, I do not agree that indeterminism at the quantum level the situation has changed for the benefit of man, as the sovereign of its own decisions. Of course, it is highly likely that sometimes some random quantum leap in our brain will trigger a sequence of events that will cause will make a different decision than we would have taken if they jump into this never took place. But does this entitle us to give our decision attribute of freedom, which otherwise we would not have assigned? Is not it sometimes just the opposite? Is this what we expect from our decision is not just their internal predictability - compatibility with our system of values, with our tastes? Do not want to be a consequence of our experiences, thoughts, intellect? This brings us to the heart - it is not important whether the soul is woven with pneumy or protein - for the existence of free will is essential if she decides on its own preferences. Dependence on the random events in the microworld rather restricts the freedom of our will, rather than strengthens, as it would like thinkers who basically saw Heisenbega hope of saving faith in man - undoubtedly weakened by the nineteenth century the dominance of mechanism. This is not to say that the uncertainty principle averse attitude I have. On the contrary - it is most consistent with my inner feelings, but I do not think that we are just Heisenbergowi have to thank for saving the vision of the world, which makes it morally justifiable, for example, a system of penalties for criminals.
penalties if you already mentioned, it let me move to the question of the relationship between determinism, and responsibility. Does the fact that taken by a criminal offender decision was in some way internally determined, it can be an excuse for his act? In my opinion, in any event. For a possible release of man's responsibility for acts committed by him can be influenced by two factors. First, it is possible to be subject to external influences - such as liability is less if the offender threatened someone that if you do not join the crime, he is killed. Another factor that may detract from the responsibility, is a lack of knowledge of consequences of the action. Neither of these two factors has nothing to do with internal determinism criminal behavior. And again, we can say that is exactly the opposite of what is often considered - determinism increases, not decreases the man's responsibility for his conduct. Returning to Xerxes, his reaction was funny, not because the sea is an automatic, but because the issuing his order, acted as if he believed that the sea is aware of, and that is sensitive to punishment such as flogging and under their may influence refrain from flooding the Persian ships.
proceed to the next question, over which debated by the ancient Greeks. Is our fate is determined at the time of our birth, and perhaps even arbitrarily far away from them? Note that it's actually a question about the causal nature of the world in which we live. It does not have much in common with the existence of free will, because she is doing well regardless of whether our world is, or is not determined. And here the only modern physics has something to say. Heisenberg's principle and stochastic bifurcations in organic chemistry, which are posted in their work Ilia Prigogine let us now consider almost for granted that the future of the world, and therefore the future of an individual human being is impossible to predict. The future from the past differs so substantially. Followers of mechanism (including Einstein) believed that the arrow of time is an illusion. All the equations are perfectly symmetric with respect to time, allowing them to preach the view that the impression is solely due to expiration of the structure of our minds. May seem puzzling that did not convince them of the falsity the philosophy of the second law of thermodynamics, which showed, after the existence of a process that can take place only in one direction. What does, however, relevant to the problem, which so oppressed the minds of the Hellenes? Well, I think it is essential, though - as I will try to show - it's not clear from the theory of natural solution to the problem of predestination, and vice versa - a solution to this problem tells us how physics can be correct.
Przeprowadźmy following experiment conceived. Assume that Perseus found out that his destiny is to accidentally kill your grandfather. If there would be able to accurately predict the future he could find out exactly what date and under what circumstances, the event occurs. Then, just enough that day refused to take part in the discus throw competition, and fate would be transformed. That could be the face of such knowledge to change the plans we know from elementary knowledge of the laws of psychology, and therefore without reference to the achievements of twentieth century physics. The assumption that the future is predictable turns out to be contradictory. Thus, knowledge of human nature, standard allows the formulation of the uncertainty principle for the makroświata beings - endowed with the psyche of human beings. It also lets you recognize the existence of the fundamental asymmetry of time and without recourse to Boltzmann.
It seems that the Greeks understood the relationship, which I speak here. Hence, their gods were against the perfidious enough heroes - do not supply them with detailed knowledge of the future, so as to prevent a maneuver that would allow them to escape destiny.
future is a mystery. There is something fundamentally different from the past. The situation in which they imagined Perseus itself shows that only takes into account the physics of time asymmetry may be the correct physics of our world. It also shows that the future of inscrutability is a necessary condition for determinism. Paradox? In this strangest of all possible worlds is certainly not the only one.
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